Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuye kwaba kubi nakakhulu. Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kubonakale esiqongweni seMount Everest, ngaphansi koLwandle LwaseSouth China ukujula kwamamitha angaphezu kuka-3,900, endaweni yeqhwa e-Arctic, ngisho naseMariana Trench…
Esikhathini sezimpahla ezihamba ngokushesha, sidla ukudla okulula okupakishwe ngepulasitiki nsuku zonke, noma sithola ukulethwa okusheshayo, noma sidla amabhokisi okudla okusheshayo epulasitiki. Iqiniso elesabekayo liwukuthi: imikhiqizo yepulasitiki inzima ukuwohloka, futhi kuzothatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola nokunyamalala ngokuphelele. .
Iqiniso elethusa kakhulu ukuthi ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-9 zama-microplastics emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokusho kwe-Glowbal News, ngokocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-University of Victoria, abantu abadala baseMelika badla izinhlayiya ezincane ze-microplastic eziyi-126 kuya kwezingu-142 nsuku zonke futhi bazihogele nsuku zonke. 132-170 izinhlayiya zepulasitiki.
Iyini i-microplastic?
Ngokwencazelo yesazi saseBrithani uThompson, i-microplastics ibhekisela ezingxenyeni zepulasitiki nezinhlayiya ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-microns angu-5. Uyini umqondo wama-microns angaphansi kwama-5? Luncane ngokuphindwe kaningi kunocezwana loboya, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukulibona ngeso lenyama.
Ngakho lawa ma-microplastic ahlasela umzimba womuntu avelaphi?
Kunemithombo eminingana:
① Imikhiqizo yasemanzini
Lokhu kulula ukukuqonda. Lapho abantu belahla udoti emifuleni, ezilwandle nasemachibini ngokuthanda kwabo, udoti wepulasitiki uyobola ube yizinhlayiya ezincane nezincane bese ungena emzimbeni wezinto eziphila emanzini. Olwandle, izidalwa zasemanzini ezingaba ngu-114 zithole ama-microplastic emizimbeni yazo. Ngemva kokuba isintu sisungule amapulasitiki ngekhulu le-19, sekukhiqizwe amathani angu-8.3 ezigidigidi zamapulasitiki kuze kube manje, futhi amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zamapulasitiki alahlwayo alahlwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokwelashwa futhi ekugcineni angena olwandle.
② Sebenzisa amapulasitiki ekucubunguleni ukudla
Ososayensi basanda kwenza izivivinyo ezibanzi kumikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-250 yamanzi asemabhodleleni emazweni angu-9 emhlabeni wonke futhi bathola ukuthi amanzi amaningi asemabhodleleni aqukethe ama-microplastics. Ngisho namanzi ompompi awanakugwenywa. I-ejensi yophenyo e-United States yaphenya amanzi ompompi emazweni angu-14 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ama-83% amasampula amanzi kampompi aqukethe ama-microplastics. Kunzima ukugwema ama-microplastic ngisho nasemanzini ompompi, ingasaphathwa eyokukhipha amabhokisi nezinkomishi zetiye lobisi ovame ukuhlangana nazo. Ubuso balezi mishini ngokuvamile bumbozwe ungqimba lwe-polyethylene. I-polyethylene izophulwa ibe yizinhlayiya ezincane.
③ Umthombo ongakaze ucabange ngawo-usawoti
Yebo, usawoti owudla nsuku zonke ungase ube nama-microplastics. Ngoba usawoti esiwudlayo ukhishwa emifuleni, olwandle nasemachibini. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kuzolimaza izinhlanzi zasemachibini nakanjani. Le “nhlanzi yasechibini” ingusawoti.
I-“Scientific American” ibike ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Shanghai East China Normal University:
Ama-Microplastics, afana ne-polyethylene ne-cellophane, atholakala ku-15 brand yamasampuli kasawoti aqoqwe abacwaningi. Ikakhulukazi kusawoti wasolwandle, ongaphezu kwama-yuan angu-550 ikhilogremu, baye benza isibalo: Ngokwesilinganiso sikasawoti esiwudlayo ngosuku, inani lama-microplastic umuntu adla ngosawoti ngonyaka lingase lidlule ama-yuan angu-1 000!
④ Izidingo zansuku zonke zasekhaya
Ungase ungazi ukuthi ngisho noma ungawulahli udoti, izinto osazisebenzisa zizokhiqiza ama-microplastic njalo ngomzuzu. Isibonelo, izingubo eziningi manje ziqukethe imicu yamakhemikhali. Uma uphonsa izingubo zakho emshinini wokuwasha ukuze uziwashe, izingubo zizokhipha imicu emihle kakhulu. Le micu ikhishwa ngamanzi angcolile, okuyipulasitiki. Ungabheki inani lama-microfibers. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi edolobheni elinabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1, ithani elingu-1 le-microfiber likhishwa nsuku zonke, elilingana nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezingaboli eziyi-150,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo eminingi yokuhlanza, njengokhilimu wokushefa, umuthi wokuxubha, isikrini selanga, isikhiphi sezimonyo, isihlanzi sobuso, njll., iqukethe isithako esibizwa ngokuthi “ubuhlalu obuthambile” bokuhlanza okujulile, empeleni okuyi-microplastic.
Ukulimala kwe-microplastics kubantu
Ama-microplastic antanta olwandle awakwazi nje ukunikeza indawo yokuphila nokukhiqiza kabusha amagciwane ahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi amunca izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nokungcola okuphilayo okuqhubekayo olwandle. Okufana nezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-flame retardants, ama-polychlorinated biphenyl, njll., ahamba kanye nemisinga yolwandle ukuze abangele ukulimala kwamakhemikhali endaweni ezungezile. Izinhlayiya zepulasitiki zincane ngobubanzi futhi zingangena kumangqamuzana ezicubu futhi zinqwabelane esibindini, okubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala kanye nobuthi obungapheli. Kungase futhi kucekele phansi ukubekezelelana kwamathumbu kanye nokusabela komzimba. Ama-microplastics amancane kakhulu angangena emthanjeni wegazi kanye nesistimu ye-lymphatic. Lapho ukugxila okuthile kufinyelelwa, kuzothinta kakhulu uhlelo lwethu lwe-endocrine. Ekugcineni, kuyindaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba umzimba womuntu ugwinywe upulasitiki.
Ebhekene nama-microplastics atholakala yonke indawo, abantu bangazisindisa kanjani?
Ngaphezu kokubiza ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki elahlwayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ukuze sinciphise futhi ekugcineni siqede ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki nezindatshana ezilahlwayo, kufanele sithuthukise futhi sikhuthaze okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha. I-Shanghai Hui Ang Industrial Co., Ltd. igxile ekukhuthazeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezibolayo ze-PLA. I-PLA isuselwa ezinsizeni zezitshalo ezivuselelekayo (njengoMmbila, umdumbula, njll.). Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zesitashi ziyahlanjululwa ukuze kutholwe i-glucose, esuke ivutshelwa i-glucose nezinhlobo ezithile ukuze kukhiqizwe i-lactic acid ehlanzekile, bese kuthi i-polylactic acid yesisindo samangqamuzana ihlanganiswe ngokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali. Ine-biodegradability enhle. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, kungacekelwa phansi ngokuphelele ama-microorganisms emvelweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi ekugcineni kukhiqize i-carbon dioxide namanzi. Kuqashelwa njengento ehambisana nemvelo. Imboni ye-Shanghai Hui Ang ibambelela emcabangweni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo “wokusuka emvelweni nokubuyela emvelweni”, futhi izibophezele ekuvumeleni imikhiqizo eyonakele ngokugcwele ingene kuyo yonke imindeni. Idale uhlobo lwemakethe yezingcweti. Imikhiqizo ihlanganisa utshani, izikhwama zokuthenga, izikhwama zikadoti, izikhwama zezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezikhwama zokugcina. , Ifilimu ye-Cling kanye nochungechunge lwemikhiqizo elahlwayo engonakaliswa ngokuphelele endaweni ezungezile, sicela ubheke imakethe yengcweti yemikhiqizo ebolayo ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-18-2021